Fearful Fifties: Bomb Shelters

The United States detonated the first atomic weapon in July 1945. Americans believed that they would have the monopoly and control over atomic warfare for many years. 

Russia surprised the U.S. by launching its own atomic bomb in 1949. Thus began the “arms race” and “cold war” rivalry between the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. This fierce competition created a frightening situation for American citizens. Were the “Reds” coming? Where would they hit? Could the bomb be beat? The mentality of the time believed that attack was imminent. The Soviet threat was a part of everyday American life. It wasn’t about “if;” it was about “when,” to many people. Would the plane flying overhead be “the one?” 

The U.S. Government responded to this hysteria by introducing bomb shelters. Seminars were held to display deluxe and economic models and supplies that were vital. Door to door salesmen approached families convincing them that they would be safe if they purchased a shelter. Evidence was shown that human, animal, and plant life were negatively affected. Didn’t you want to keep your family safe?

Unlike earlier conflicts, the incredibly powerful nuclear weapons held by the Soviets and U.S., and later other countries, threatened a war that could end life on earth as it was known. The "arms race" involved each side increasing the number and power of its nuclear and regular weapons.

These weapons made made any confrontation between the U.S. and Soviet Union very dangerous.

Nuclear missiles and bombs meant that just about everyone in America and the Soviet Union was a risk. Kids at U.S. schools had to practice for an attack. They would hide under their desks or in the hallway.

Families were urged to build or purchase fallout shelters in order to protect themselves in case of a nuclear attack from Russia. 

This video was made by high school students to depict life in the 1950's. 

One more video showing what students were taught in schools to be safe during a nuclear threat.  

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What are three things you couldn't live without if you were forced to spend a month in a fallout shelter? 

Complete the Fallout Shelter Assignment.